Easy-to-Read National Benchbook (ENABLE)

„śęřūêħíϙŕřĺϙĺŝĺæƅϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙϳϙčôŝħîϙřôŕūæīėħíϙϙϙϙ™žĺîϙiŝĺæƅϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙıĺēĺūϙžϙĥūŝťėêĳęıϙŝƅŝťõıūϙêôīėťϙĳ÷ħťôřɔıϙŕśôħîƒħîıϟϙxϙťĺıūϙıżƒôϙîĺĥęťϙřżəĳɔıėϙəŕżŝĺæƅϡϙĳíŕśϟϙŕĺħūîϡϙϙϙϙϙϙϙ ĥŝĺūϙĺæ÷ťėϙϙϙϙϙϙϙ ŝž÷îèėϙϙϙϙϙϙϙϙ ĺæžėĳ÷ĳęϙəϙťřôŝťĳõēĺϙêėĳūϙϙϙ„ĺîīôϙ™ıīūžƅϙi‹bϙĺϙŕřîžôèēϙĺŝĺæϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙŕĺŝťėƒôĳęıϙϼ‡„”ͻϙıūŝęϙžşôèēĳƅϙəôı÷ϙŕĺıîēíťϙīėîôıϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙîĺŝîēĳĺūťϙŝŕřížôîīĳĺŝťėϟϙ“ĺϙəĳíıôĳîϡϙƒôϙıūŝęϙĺîŝťříĳėťϙŕśôħîƒħƅϙíϙəíĥėŝťėťϡϙíæƅϙŝôϙŝϙħíƒîɔıϙəíèēîəôīĺϙŝŕřížôîīėž÷ϟϙϙϙ„śęřūêħūϙŕřĺϙĺŝĺæƅϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙžƅťžĺśėīĺϙ>ļřūıϙŕřĺϙīėîŝħîϙŕřîžíϟϙ„ĺŝħƅťūĥôϙříîƅϡϙĥíħϙŕĺıĺèėϙīėîôıϙŝϙıôĳťîīĳęıϙíϙŕŝƅèēĺŝĺèėîīĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙæ÷ēôıϙŝĺūîĳęēĺϙśęəôĳęϟϙϙϙϙ“íťĺϙŕśęřūêħíϙĥôϙūřêôĳíϙŕśôîôžşęıϙŝĺūîèżıϡϙíîžĺħîťżıϡϙŕĺīėèėŝťżıϙíϙîíīşęıϙŕřîžĳęħżıϟϙvôϙžşíħϙūƒėťôêĳîϙėϙŕřĺϙĺŝĺæƅϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϡϙĥôĥėèēϙřĺîėĳƅϙíϙžşôèēĳƅϡϙħîĺϙŝôϙūêíŝťĳęϙŝĺūîĳęèēϙśęəôĳęϟϙϙϙ„śęŝťūŕϙħôϙŝŕřížôîīĳĺŝťėϙžϙčôŝħõϙřôŕūæīėèôϙčôŝħîϙřôŕūæīėħíϙŝôϙəížîəíīíϙîĺîřƒĺžíťϙ™ıīūžūϙĺϙŕřîžôèēϙĺŝĺæϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϟϙ„śėĥíīíϙŕřĺťĺϙəîħĺĳƅϙĳíϙĺèēříĳūϙŕřîžϙĺŝĺæϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϟϙ„ĺıĺèϙīėîôıϙŝϙıôĳťîīĳęıϙíϙŕŝƅèēĺŝĺèėîīĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙžϙŕřîžĳęèēϙəîīôƒėťĺŝťôèēϙžşíħϙĳôĳęϙîĺŝťíťôêĳîϟϙ¾îħĺĳƅϙĳôəíĥėşŧūĥęϡϙíæƅϙŝôϙť÷ıťĺϙīėîôıϙîĺŝťíīĺϙūϙŝĺūîūϙŝťôĥĳõēĺϙəíèēîəôĳęϙĥíħĺϙžşôıϙĺŝťíťĳęıϟϙϙϙ¾îħĺĳϙĳíŕśęħīíîϙśęħîϡϙƒôϙŕĺīėèėôϙıūŝęϙŕśôîϙžɔŝīôèēôıϙĺæžėĳ÷ĳõēĺϙėĳċĺřıĺžíťϙĺϙťĺıϡϙəϙêôēĺϙĥôϙĺæžėĳ÷ĳϙíϙĥíħîϙĥŝĺūϙĥôēĺϙŕřîžíϟϙbôśęħîϙžşíħϡϙƒôϙťĺϙŕĺīėèėôϙıūŝęϙžƅŝž÷ťīėťϙťíħϡϙíæƅϙťĺıūϙîĺťƅêĳîϙĺŝĺæíϙřĺəūı÷īíϟϙϙϙbôôƅėŝťūĥęϙíĳėϙĥíŝĳîϙŕřížėîīíϡϙĥíħϙŕĺıĺèėϙĺŝĺæîıϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙŕĺèēĺŕėťϡϙèĺϙŝôϙūϙŝĺūîūϙî÷ĥôϟϙϙϙϙϙϙbôôƅėŝťūĥęϙƒîîĳõϙėĳċĺřıíèôϙĺϙťĺıϡϙħĺīėħϙĺŝĺæϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙŝôϙžϙčôŝħõϙřôŕūæīėèôϙŕĺťɔħîϙŝϙŕřîžĳęıėϙŕřĺæīõıƅϟϙ‹ēřĺıîƒî÷ĳęϙť÷èēťĺϙėĳċĺřıíèęϙæƅϙŕĺıĺēīĺϙĳíĥęťϙəŕżŝĺæƅϡϙĥíħϙĺîŝťříĳėťϙŕśôħîƒħƅϙíϙŕĺŝħƅťĳĺūťϙīėîôıϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙīôŕşęϙŕĺîŕĺřūϟϙϙϙϙϙ„řîžíϙĺæžėĳ÷ĳɔèēϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙϙ„řîžĳęϙəŕżŝĺæėīĺŝťϙ«şėèēĳėϙīėîõϙæƅϙŝėϙı÷īėϙæɔťϙŕśôîϙəîħĺĳôıϙřĺžĳėϟϙa÷īĺϙæƅϙĥėıϙæɔťϙūıĺƒĳ÷ĳĺϙūêíŝťĳėťϙŝôϙžşôèēϙêîŝťęϙŝĺūîĳęēĺϙśęəôĳęϟϙϙϙ„ĺħūîϙæƅīĺϙĺŝĺæ÷ϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙśôêôĳĺϡϙƒôϙĳôıżƒôϙêėĳėťϙŕřîžĳęϙřĺəēĺîĳūťęϡϙı÷īíϙæƅϙıęťϙŕřîžĺϙŕĺƒîîíťϙŝĺūîϙĺϙəı÷ĳūϙťĺēĺťĺϙřĺəēĺîĳūťęϟϙϙϙ„ĺîŕĺříϙíϙŕřĺèôŝĳęϙūŕřížƅϙ[ėîõϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙıūŝęϙîĺŝťíťϙŕĺıĺèϡϙħťôřĺūϙŕĺťśôæūĥęϡϙíæƅϙŕĺřĺəūı÷īėϙŝžɔıϙŕřîžĳęıϙəîīôƒėťĺŝťôıϙíϙıĺēīėϙŝôϙŕīĳĺēĺîĳĺťĳ÷ϙūêíŝťĳėťϙŝĺūîĳęēĺϙśęəôĳęϟϙϙϙϙ“ĺϙəĳíıôĳîϡϙƒôϙĥėıϙıūŝęϙæɔťϙž÷èėϙžƅŝž÷ťīĺžîĳƅϙəŕżŝĺæôıϡϙħťôřõıūϙřĺəūıęϡϙıūŝęϙĥėıϙæɔťϙŕĺŝħƅťĳūťĺϙžęèôϙêíŝūϙĳíϙəĺîŕĺž÷əôĳęϙĺťîəôħϙíϙıūŝęϙĥėıϙæɔťϙîîĳíϙıĺƒĳĺŝťϡϙíæƅϙŝϙĳėıėϙæƅīíϙîĺŕřĺžĺîĳîϙĺŝĺæíϟϙ“íťĺϙŕĺîŕĺříϙŝôϙťíħõϙĳíəɔžîϙŕśėəŕżŝĺæôĳęϟϙϙϙϙ„řîžĺϙĳíϙėĳċĺřıíèôϙiĳċĺřıíèôϙæƅϙı÷īƅϙæɔťϙŕĺîîžîĳƅϙəŕżŝĺæôıϡϙħťôřɔϙĥôϙŕřĺϙĺŝĺæƅϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙŝĳíîĳĺϙŝřĺəūıėťôīĳɔϟϙϙϙϙϙxϙťĺıūϙīəôϙžƅūƒęťϙĳíŕśęħīíîϙĥôîĳĺîūèēɔϙĥíəƅħϡϙĺæřîəħƅϙĳôæĺϙťīūıĺêĳęħƅϟϙvôϙîżīôƒėťõϙžƅēĳĺūťϙŝôϙŕĺūƒęžîĳęϙĺîæĺřĳɔèēϙŕřîžĳėèħɔèēϙŝīĺžϟϙϙϙ[ėîõϙæƅϙı÷īėϙæɔťϙĥíŝĳ÷ϙėĳċĺřıĺžîĳėϙĺϙŝžɔèēϙŕřîžôèēϙíϙîĺťîəîĳėϡϙəîíϙřĺəūıęϙťĺıūϡϙèĺϙŝôϙî÷ĥôϟϙ„řîžĺϙĳíϙíîžĺħîťíϙiŝĺæƅϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙıūŝęϙıęťϙŕśęŝťūŕϙħϙíîžĺħîťĺžėϙĺîϙĺħíıƒėħūϡϙħîƅϙŝôϙîĺŝťíĳĺūϙîĺϙħĺĳťíħťūϙŝϙŕĺīėèėęϟϙ‹ťôĥĳɔϙíîžĺħîťϙæƅϙŝϙĳėıėϙı÷īϙəżŝťíťϙŕĺϙèôīĺūϙîĺæūϙŝĺūîĳęēĺϙśęəôĳęϟϙϙϙϙaîžĺħîťėϙæƅϙı÷īėϙæɔťϙžƅşħĺīôĳėϙťíħϡϙíæƅϙřĺəūı÷īėϙŕĺťśôæîıϙĺŝĺæϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϟϙ™ħĺīôıϙíîžĺħîťíϙĥôϙəíĥėŝťėťϡϙíæƅϙæƅīíϙŕřîžíϙĺŝĺæƅϙèēřîĳ÷ĳíϟϙϙϙ„řîžĺϙæɔťϙŕśęťĺıôĳϙŝĺūîĳęıūϙśęəôĳęϙiŝĺæƅϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙıíĥęϙŕřîžĺϙæɔťϙŕśęťĺıĳƅϙūϙŝĺūîūϙíϙēîĥėťϙŝôϟϙ‹ĺūîϙæƅϙı÷īϙəíĥėŝťėťϡϙíæƅϙıęŝťĺϙæƅīĺϙŕśęŝťūŕĳõϙíϙĳôŕżŝĺæėīĺϙî÷ŝėž÷ϟϙbíŕśęħīíîϙŝĺūîèôϙíϙíîžĺħîťėϙæƅϙı÷īėϙĳĺŝėťϙæ÷ƒĳõϙĺæīôêôĳęϙĳíıęŝťĺϙċĺřıîīĳęèēϙťíīîřżϡϙíæƅϙŝôϙĺŝĺæíϙèęťėīíϙīõŕôϟϙϙϙ‹īƅşôĳęϙĳíϙîîīħūϙb÷ħîƅϙŝôϙıżƒôϙĺŝĺæíϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙūêíŝťĳėťϙŝĺūîĳęēĺϙĥôîĳîĳęϙŕřĺŝťśôîĳėèťžęıϙžėîôíϟϙ„ĺħūîϙŝôϙťíħϙŝťíĳôϡϙŝĺūîϙæƅϙŝôϙı÷īϙūĥėŝťėťϡϙƒôϙĺŝĺæíϙřĺəūıęϙťĺıūϡϙèĺϙŝôϙî÷ĥôϟϙϙϙϙ«ɔŝīôèēϙæƅϙı÷īϙæɔťϙžôîôĳϙťíħϡϙíæƅϙĥôĥϙĺŝĺæíϙıĺēīíϙŝĳíîĳĺϙŝīôîĺžíťϡϙŝϙŕřížėîôīĳɔıėϙŕśôŝťîžħíıėϙíϙĥíŝĳɔıėϙŕĺħƅĳƅϟϙϙϙ¾îž÷řϙvôϙîżīôƒėťõϙəíĥėŝťėťϡϙíæƅϙŝôϙĺŝĺæƅϙŝôϙəîřížĺťĳęıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳ÷ĳęıϙıĺēīƅϙūêíŝťĳėťϙŝĺūîĳęèēϙśęəôĳęϙŝťôĥĳ÷ϙĥíħĺϙĺŝťíťĳęϟϙ“ĺϙəĳíıôĳîϡϙϙϙϙϙ ŕĺŝħƅťĳĺūťϙĥėıϙŕĺťśôæĳĺūϙŕĺîŕĺřūϟϙϙϙϙϙϙ èēĺžíťϙŝôϙħϙĳėıϙŝϙřôŝŕôħťôıϙϙϙϙϙϙ ūĥėŝťėťϙŝôϡϙƒôϙřĺəūıęϙťĺıūϡϙèĺϙŝôϙî÷ĥôϟϙϙϙϙϙϙϙ”ĺîřƒĺžîĳęıϙť÷èēťĺϙħřĺħżϙıżƒôıôϙŕśėŝŕ÷ťϙħϙťĺıūϡϙíæƅϙæƅīϙŝĺūîĳęϙŝƅŝťõıϙŝŕřížôîīėžɔϙŕřĺϙžşôèēĳƅϟϙϙϙžŭƶŵğŷƚ ǀǉɖƌăđžǀăůž &ſƌƶŵ ɖƌž ůŝěɛŭą ɖƌąǀă͘ žŭƶŵğŷƚ ƶɖƌăǀğŷ ɛ ɖžěɖžƌžƶ /ŷđůƶɛŝžŷ /ƌğůăŷě͘ žŭƶŵğŷƚ ďǉů ǀǉɖƌăđžǀąŷ ǀ ƌąŵđŝ ɖƌžũğŭƚƶ hŵžǎŷģŷş ŝŷŭůƶǌğ ă ɖǝşɛƚƶɖƶ ŭğ ɛɖƌăǀğěůŷžɛɵ ɖƌž ɖăđśăƚğůğ ɛ ŵğŷƚąůŷşŵ ă ɖɛǉđśžɛžđŝąůŷşŵ ɖžɛɵǎğŷşŵ ;ϭϭϭϭϱϲϳϭϭ ͳ e> ͳ :h^dͳϯϭϯϭͳ:ϳ͘ 7hqwr surmhnw mh vsroxilqdqfryiq (yursvnrx xqlt 9migĝhqp qi]ru d vwdqrylvnd mvrx yãdn srx]h qi]ru d vwdqrylvnd dxwrud dxwruĥ d qhpxvt qxwqč rguiåhw qi]ru d vwdqrylvnd (yursvnp xqlh qher (yursvnp nrplvh (yursvni xqlh dql rujiq srvnwxmtft grwdfl ]d qč qhprkrx qpvw rgsryčgqrvw jɖůŷǉ ɖžɖŝɛ ɖƌžũğŭƚƶ͗ śʃɖɛ͗ͬͬǀăůŝěŝƚǉ͘ŷőžͬɖƌžũğđƚɛͳϯͬğŷăďůŝŷőͳŝŷđůƶɛŝžŷͳăŷěͳăđđğɛɛͳƚžͳũƶɛɵđğͳĩžƌͳěğĩğŷěăŷƚɛͳǁŝƚśͳŝŷƚğůůğđƚƶăůͳăŷěͳɖɛǉđśžɛžđŝăůͳěŝɛăďŝůŝɵğɛͬ ϙϙϙϙdisability bench book 7 ezechia fntroduction people with disabilities can face extra barriers in the justice systemϟ this can happen in di�erent ways such as if theyϡ • are oictims • witnesses • accused of a crime the un eonoention on the rights of persons with disabilities (erpd) says all countries must help people with disabilities get justiceϟ this means they must remooe barriers and make sure eoeryone is treated fairlyϟ the disability bench book was created by lorum for cuman rightsϟ ft gioes adoice on how to help people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities during legal processesϟ this book is mainly for judgesϡ lawyersϡ policeϡ and other legal professionalsϟ but it is also helpful for people with disabilitiesϡ their familiesϡ and anyone inooloed in legal casesϟ access to sustice in ezechia ezechia has agreed to follow the erpd by making laws that protect the rights of people with disabilitiesϟ coweoerϡ ezechia does not do enough to help people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities in legal casesϟ the law does not make sure that these people get treated the same as other people in courtϟ lor exampleϡ the law says the police must tell a person what they are accused of and their rights before questioning themϟ but the law does not say that the police need to explain this in a way that the person can understandϟ there are also no clear rules on how to help people with disabilities understand what is happening in courtϟ there is no information on how many people with disabilities face legal problems in ezechiaϟ eollecting this information would help �nd ways to remooe barriers and gioe better support to people with disabilitiesϟ rights of defendants with disabilities xegal eapacity all people with disabilities should be treated as equal in the eyes of the lawϟ they should be allowed to take part in all parts of a legal caseϟ ff a person has been told they cannot make legal decisionsϡ they should haoe the right to ask the court to change thisϟ support and accommodations people with disabilities must get the help they need to understand and take part in their legal casesϟ this includes explaining things in a way they can understandϡ gioing them more time to answer questionsϡ and letting them haoe a support person with themϟ these supports are also known as accommodationsϟ right to fnformation fnformation should be gioen in a way that people with disabilities can easily understandϟ lor exampleϡ this could be done by using plain languageϡ picturesϡ or interpretersϟ ft is important to aooid using hard legal wordsϟ people should be told their rights clearly and asked if they understand what is happeningϟ right to a xawyer people with disabilities must haoe access to a lawyer from the moment they are in contact with the policeϟ the same lawyer should stay with them throughout the legal processϟ xawyers should be trained to understand the needs of people with disabilitiesϟ the lawyer’s job is to make sure that the person’s rights are protectedϟ right to be present at trial people with disabilities haoe the right to be present in court and defend themseloesϟ the court should make sure that the place accessible and not scaryϟ lor exampleϡ the judge and lawyers could wear regular clothes instead of formal robes to make the person feel more comfortableϟ remote cearings sometimesϡ a person with a disability might take part in a court hearing by oideoϟ ff this happensϡ the court should make sure the person understands what is going onϟ the hearing should be done in a way that makes it easy for the person to follow alongϡ with regular breaks and clear instructionsϟ eonclusion ft is important to make sure that people with disabilities can take part in legal cases just like anyone elseϟ this meansϡ • gioing them the support they need • treating them with respect • making sure they understand what is happeningϟ by following these stepsϡ we can help make the justice system fair for eoeryoneϟ document wri�en by the forum for human rights. document adapted with the support of inclusion ireland. the document was prepared as part of the project enabling inclusion and access to jus�ce for defendants with intellectual and psychosocial disabili�es (101056701 – enable – just-2021-jacc). this projecp is co-funded ny phe european unionb viers and opinions expressed are horever phose of phe auphor(s) only and do nop necessarily reflecp phose of phe european union or phe european fommissionb neipher phe european union nor phe granping auphoripy can ne held responsinle for phemb full project descrip�on: h�ps://validity.ngo/projects-2/enabling-inclusion-and-access-to-jus�ce-for-defendants-with-intellectual-and-psychosocial-disabili�es/disability bench book 7 slooakia fntroduction people with disabilities can face extra barriers in the justice systemϟ this can happen in di�erent ways such as if theyϡ • are oictims • witnesses • accused of a crime the un eonoention on the rights of persons with disabilities (erpd) says all countries must help people with disabilities get justiceϟ this means they must remooe barriers and make sure eoeryone is treated fairlyϟ the disability bench book was created by lorum for cuman rightsϟ ft gioes adoice on how to help people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities during legal processesϟ this book is mainly for judgesϡ lawyersϡ policeϡ and other legal professionalsϟ but it is also helpful for people with disabilitiesϡ their familiesϡ and anyone inooloed in legal casesϟ access to sustice in slooakia slooakia has agreed to follow the erpd by making laws that protect the rights of people with disabilitiesϟ coweoerϡ slooakia does not do enough to help people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities in legal casesϟ the law does not make sure that these people get treated the same as other people in courtϟ lor exampleϡ the law says the police must tell a person what they are accused of and their rights before questioning themϟ but the law does not say that the police need to explain this in a way that the person can understandϟ there are also no clear rules on how to help people with disabilities understand what is happening in courtϟ there is no information on how many people with disabilities face legal problems in slooakiaϟ eollecting this information would help �nd ways to remooe barriers and gioe better support to people with disabilitiesϟ rights of defendants with disabilities xegal eapacity all people with disabilities should be treated as equal in the eyes of the lawϟ they should be allowed to take part in all parts of a legal caseϟ ff a person has been told they cannot make legal decisionsϡ they should haoe the right to ask the court to change thisϟ support and accommodations people with disabilities must get the help they need to understand and take part in their legal casesϟ this includes explaining things in a way they can understandϡ gioing them more time to answer questionsϡ and letting them haoe a support person with themϟ these supports are also known as accommodationsϟ right to fnformation fnformation should be gioen in a way that people with disabilities can easily understandϟ lor exampleϡ this could be done by using plain languageϡ picturesϡ or interpretersϟ ft is important to aooid using hard legal wordsϟ people should be told their rights clearly and asked if they understand what is happeningϟ right to a xawyer people with disabilities must haoe access to a lawyer from the moment they are in contact with the policeϟ the same lawyer should stay with them throughout the legal processϟ xawyers should be trained to understand the needs of people with disabilitiesϟ the lawyer’s job is to make sure that the person’s rights are protectedϟ right to be present at trial people with disabilities haoe the right to be present in court and defend themseloesϟ the court should make sure that the place accessible and not scaryϟ lor exampleϡ the judge and lawyers could wear regular clothes instead of formal robes to make the person feel more comfortableϟ remote cearings sometimesϡ a person with a disability might take part in a court hearing by oideoϟ ff this happensϡ the court should make sure the person understands what is going onϟ the hearing should be done in a way that makes it easy for the person to follow alongϡ with regular breaks and clear instructionsϟ eonclusion ft is important to make sure that people with disabilities can take part in legal cases just like anyone elseϟ this meansϡ • gioing them the support they need • treating them with respect • making sure they understand what is happeningϟ by following these stepsϡ we can help make the justice system fair for eoeryoneϟ document wri�en by the forum for human rights. document adapted with the support of inclusion ireland. the document was prepared as part of the project enabling inclusion and access to jus�ce for defendants with intellectual and psychosocial disabili�es (101056701 – enable – just-2021-jacc). this projecp is co-funded ny phe european unionb viers and opinions expressed are horever phose of phe auphor(s) only and do nop necessarily reflecp phose of phe european union or phe european fommissionb neipher phe european union nor phe granping auphoripy can ne held responsinle for phemb full project descrip�on: h�ps://validity.ngo/projects-2/enabling-inclusion-and-access-to-jus�ce-for-defendants-with-intellectual-and-psychosocial-disabili�es/přęřūêħíϙŕřôϙəîřížĺťĳôϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳõϙĺŝĺæƅϙϱϙ‹īĺžôĳŝħĺϙϙϙϙ™žĺîϙiŝĺæƅϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙŕĺŝťėēĳūťęıϙıľƒūϙžϙĥūŝťėêĳĺıϙŝƅŝťõıôϙêôīėŧϙðíīşęıϙŕřôħîƒħíıϟϙaľƒôϙŝíϙťĺϙŝťíŧϙřľəĳƅıėϙŝŕľŝĺæıėϡϙĳíŕřęħīíîϙíħϡϙϙϙϙϙϙϙ ŝūϙĺæôŧíıėϙϙϙϙϙϙϙϙ ŝžôîħíıėϙϙϙϙϙϙ ĺæžėĳôĳɔϙəĺϙŝŕîèēíĳėíϙťřôŝťĳõēĺϙêėĳūϙϙϙ“ēôϙ˜bϙĺĳžôĳťėĺĳϙĺĳϙťēôϙ‡ėčēťŝϙĺċϙpôřŝĺĳŝϙſėťēϙ”ėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙϼ‡p”ͻϙŝíƅŝϙíīīϙèĺūĳťřėôŝϙıūŝťϙēôīŕϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙčôťϙĥūŝťėèôϟϙ“ēėŝϙıôíĳŝϙťēôƅϙıūŝťϙřôıĺžôϙæířřėôřŝϙíĳîϙıíħôϙŝūřôϙôžôřƅĺĳôϙėŝϙťřôíťôîϙċíėřīƅϟϙϙϙ«ϙ”ĺēĺžĺřôϙi‹bϙĺϙŕřîžíèēϙĺŝľæϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙŕĺŝťėēĳūťęıϙϼ‡p”ͻϙŝíϙūžîîəíϡϙƒôϙžşôťħƅϙħříĥėĳƅϙıūŝėíϙŕĺıľèŧϙĺŝĺæîıϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙîĺŝėíēĳūŧϙŝŕřížĺîīėžĺŝŧϟϙ“ĺϙəĳíıôĳîϡϙƒôϙıūŝėíϙĺîŝťřîĳėŧϙŕřôħîƒħƅϙíϙəíæôəŕôêėŧϡϙíæƅϙŝíϙŝϙħíƒîɔıϙəíĺæèēîîəíīĺϙŝŕřížĺîīėžĺϟϙϙ“îťĺϙŕřęřūêħíϙĥôϙūřêôĳîϙĳíĥıûϙŕřôϙŝūîèĺžϡϙíîžĺħîťĺžϡϙŕĺīėèíĥťĺžϙíϙėĳɔèēϙĺîæĺřĳęħĺžϙžϙĺæīíŝťėϙŕřîžíϟϙvôϙžşíħϙūƒėťĺêĳîϙíĥϙŕřôϙĭūîęϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙŕĺŝťėēĳūťęıϡϙėèēϙřĺîėĳƅϙíϙžşôťħɔèēϡϙħťĺřęϙŝíϙəūêíŝťĵūĥūϙĳíϙŕřîžĳƅèēϙŕřęŕíîĺèēϟϙϙpřęŝťūŕϙħϙŝŕřížĺîīėžĺŝťėϙĳíϙ‹īĺžôĳŝħūϙ‹īĺžôĳŝħĺϙŝíϙəížėíəíīĺϙîĺîřƒėížíŧϙ‡p”ϙťɔıϡϙƒôϙŕřėĥıôϙəîħĺĳƅϙĳíϙĺèēříĳūϙŕřîžϙĺŝľæϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϟϙ‹īĺžôĳŝħĺϙžşíħϙĳôřĺæęϙîĺŝŧϙŕřôϙŕĺıĺèϙĭūðĺıϙŝϙıôĳťîīĳƅıϙíϙŕŝƅèēĺŝĺèėîīĳƅıϙŕĺŝťėēĳūťęıϙžϙŕřîžĳƅèēϙŕřęŕíîĺèēϟϙ¾îħĺĳƅϙĳôəíæôəŕôêūĥūϡϙíæƅϙŝíϙŝϙťɔıėťĺϙĭūðıėϙəíĺæèēîîəíīĺϙĳíϙŝūîôϙřĺžĳíħĺϙíħĺϙŝϙĺŝťíťĳɔıėϙĭūðıėϟϙϙϙ¾îħĺĳϙĳíŕřęħīíîϙŝťíĳĺžūĥôϡϙƒôϙŕĺīęèėíϙıūŝęϙŕřôîϙžɔŝīūèēĺıϙėĳċĺřıĺžíŧϙĺŝĺæūϙĺϙťĺıϡϙəϙêĺēĺϙĥôϙĺæžėĳôĳîϡϙíϙĺϙĥôĥϙŕřîžíèēϟϙ«ϙəîħĺĳôϙŝíϙžşíħϙĳôūžîîəíϡϙƒôϙŕĺīęèėíϙťĺϙıūŝęϙžƅŝžôťīėŧϙŝŕľŝĺæĺıϡϙħťĺřõıūϙĺŝĺæíϙřĺəūıėôϟϙϙϙbôôƅėŝťūĥūϙíĳėϙĥíŝĳõϙŕřížėîīîϡϙíħĺϙŕĺıľèŧϙĭūðĺıϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙŕĺèēĺŕėŧϡϙêĺϙŝíϙîôĥôϙĳíϙŝūîôϟϙϙϙϙϙbôôƅėŝťūĥūϙėĳċĺřıîèėôϙĺϙťĺıϡϙħĺĭħĺϙĭūîęϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙĳíϙ‹īĺžôĳŝħūϙêôīęϙŕřîžĳƅıϙŕřĺæīõıĺıϟϙ¾ēřĺıíƒðĺžíĳėôϙťɔèēťĺϙėĳċĺřıîèėęϙæƅϙŕĺıĺēīĺϙĳîĥŝŧϙŝŕľŝĺæƅϡϙíħĺϙĺîŝťřîĳėŧϙŕřôħîƒħƅϙíϙŕĺŝħƅťĳūŧϙīôŕşėūϙŕĺîŕĺřūϙĭūðĺıϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϟϙϙϙϙpřîžíϙĺæƒíīĺžíĳɔèēϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙϙpřîžĳíϙŝŕľŝĺæėīĺŝŧϙ‹ĺϙžşôťħɔıėϙĭūðıėϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙæƅϙŝíϙıíīĺϙžϙĺêėíèēϙəîħĺĳíϙəíĺæèēîîəíŧϙřĺžĳíħĺϟϙaíīėϙæƅϙıíŧϙıĺƒĳĺŝŧϙəūêíŝťĵĺžíŧϙŝíϙĳíϙžşôťħɔèēϙêíŝťėíèēϙŕřîžĳôēĺϙŕřęŕíîūϟϙϙϙϙϙϙaħϙæĺīĺϙĺŝĺæôϙĺəĳîıôĳõϡϙƒôϙĳôıľƒôϙřĺæėŧϙŕřîžĳôϙūħĺĳƅϡϙıíīíϙæƅϙıíŧϙŕřîžĺϙŕĺƒėíîíŧϙŝūîϙĺϙəıôĳūϙťĺēťĺϙřĺəēĺîĳūťėíϟϙϙϙpĺîŕĺříϙíϙŕřėŝŕľŝĺæôĳėôϙ]ūîėíϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙıūŝėíϙîĺŝťíŧϙŕĺıĺèϡϙħťĺřūϙŕĺťřôæūĥūϙĳíϙŕĺèēĺŕôĳėôϙíϙūêíŝŧϙĳíϙŝžĺĥėèēϙŕřîžĳƅèēϙŕřęŕíîĺèēϟϙϙϙϙ“ĺϙəíēřĵíϙžƅŝžôťīôĳėôϙžôèęϙŝŕľŝĺæĺıϡϙħťĺřõıūϙřĺəūıôĥūϡϙŕĺŝħƅťĳūťėôϙžėíèϙêíŝūϙĳíϙəĺîŕĺžôîíĳėôϙĺťîəĺħϙíϙıĺƒĳĺŝŧϡϙíæƅϙıíīėϙŕřėϙŝôæôϙŕĺîŕĺřĳūϙĺŝĺæūϟϙ“îťĺϙŕĺîŕĺříϙŝíϙĳíəɔžíϙíĥϙљūŕřížƅњϟϙϙϙϙpřîžĺϙĳíϙėĳċĺřıîèėôϙiĳċĺřıîèėôϙæƅϙŝíϙıíīėϙŕĺŝħƅťĺžíŧϙŝŕľŝĺæĺıϡϙħťĺřɔϙĥôϙŕřôϙĺŝĺæƅϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙĭíēħĺϙəřĺəūıėťôĭĳɔϟϙϙϙϙϙaľƒôϙŝíϙťĺϙūŝħūťĺêĳėŧϙĳíŕřęħīíîϙŕĺıĺèĺūϙəřĺəūıėťôĭĳõēĺϙĥíəƅħíϡϙĺæřîəħĺžϙíīôæĺϙťīıĺêĳęħĺžϟϙvôϙîľīôƒėťõϙžƅēĳūŧϙŝíϙŕĺūƒęžíĳėūϙŧíƒħɔèēϙŕřîžĳėèħɔèēϙŝīĺžϟϙϙϙϙϙiŝĺæƅϙæƅϙıíīėϙæƅŧϙĥíŝĳôϙėĳċĺřıĺžíĳõϙĺϙŝžĺĥėèēϙŕřîžíèēϙíϙıíīėϙæƅϙŝíϙėèēϙĺŕɔťíŧϡϙêėϙřĺəūıôĥūϙťĺıūϡϙêĺϙŝíϙîôĥôϟϙpřîžĺϙĳíϙŕřîžĳėħíϙiŝĺæƅϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙıūŝėíϙıíŧϙŕřęŝťūŕϙħϙŕřîžĳėħĺžėϙĺîϙĺħíıėēūϡϙħôðϙŝíϙîĺŝťíĳūϙîĺϙħĺĳťíħťūϙŝϙŕĺīęèėĺūϟϙ“ôĳϙėŝťɔϙŕřîžĳėħϙæƅϙıíīϙŝϙĳėıėϙəĺŝťíŧϙŕĺêíŝϙèôīõēĺϙŝūîĳôēĺϙħĺĳíĳėíϟϙϙϙϙϙϙpřîžĳėèėϙæƅϙıíīėϙæƅŧϙžƅşħĺīôĳęϡϙíæƅϙřĺəūıôīėϙŕĺťřôæîıϙĭūîęϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϟϙ™īĺēĺūϙŕřîžĳėħíϙĥôϙəíæôəŕôêėŧϡϙíæƅϙæĺīėϙŕřîžíϙĺŝĺæƅϙèēřîĳôĳõϟϙϙϙpřîžĺϙæƅŧϙŕřęťĺıĳɔϙĳíϙŝūîĳĺıϙħĺĳíĳęϙiŝĺæƅϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙıíĥūϙŕřîžĺϙæƅŧϙŕřęťĺıĳõϙĳíϙŝūîôϙíϙĺæēíĥĺžíŧϙŝíϟϙ‹ūîϙæƅϙıíīϙəíæôəŕôêėŧϡϙíæƅϙæĺīĺϙıėôŝťĺϙŕřęŝťūŕĳõϙíϙĳôæĺīĺϙîôŝėžõϟϙbíŕřęħīíîϙŝūîèíϙíϙŕřîžĳėèėϙæƅϙıĺēīėϙĳĺŝėŧϙæôƒĳõϙĺæīôêôĳėôϙĳíıėôŝťĺϙċĺřıîīĳƅèēϙřūèēϡϙíæƅϙŝíϙĺŝĺæíϙèęťėīíϙŕĺēĺîīĳôĥşėôϟϙϙϙ«ƅŕĺêūžíĳėôϙĳíϙîėíĭħūϙbėôħôîƅϙŝíϙĺŝĺæíϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙıľƒôϙəūêíŝťĳėŧϙĳíϙŝūîĳĺıϙŕĺĥôîĳîžíĳęϙŕřĺŝťřôîĳęèťžĺıϙžėîôĺəîəĳíıūϟϙaħϙŝíϙťíħϙŝťíĳôϡϙŝūîϙæƅϙŝíϙıíīϙūėŝťėŧϡϙƒôϙĺŝĺæíϙřĺəūıėôϡϙêĺϙŝíϙîôĥôϟϙϙϙ«ƅŕĺêūžíĳėôϙæƅϙıíīĺϙŕřôæėôēíŧϙťíħϡϙíæƅϙæĺīĺϙŕřôϙĺŝĺæūϙĥôîĳĺîūèēõϙēĺϙŝīôîĺžíŧϡϙŝϙŕřížėîôīĳɔıėϙŕřôŝťîžħíıėϙíϙĥíŝĳɔıėϙŕĺħƅĳıėϟϙϙ¾îžôřϙvôϙîľīôƒėťõϙəíæôəŕôêėŧϡϙíæƅϙŝíϙĺŝĺæƅϙŝĺϙəîřížĺťĳɔıϙəĳôžɔēĺîĳôĳęıϙıĺēīėϙəūêíŝťĵĺžíŧϙĳíϙŝūîĳƅèēϙħĺĳíĳėíèēϙřĺžĳíħĺϙíħĺϙžşôťèėϙĺŝťíťĳęϟϙ“ĺϙəĳíıôĳîϡϙϙϙϙϙ ŕĺŝħƅťĳūŧϙėıϙŕĺîŕĺřūϡϙħťĺřūϙŕĺťřôæūĥūϙϙϙϙϙϙ əíĺæèēîîəíŧϙŝϙĳėıėϙŝϙřôşŕôħťĺıϙϙϙϙϙϙϙ ūėŝťėŧϙŝíϡϙƒôϙřĺəūıôĥūϙťĺıūϡϙêĺϙŝíϙîôĥôϟϙϙϙϙϙ”ĺîřƒėížíĳęıϙťɔèēťĺϙħřĺħĺžϙıľƒôıôϙŕřėŝŕėôŧϙħϙťĺıūϡϙíæƅϙæĺīϙŝūîĳƅϙŝƅŝťõıϙŝŕřížĺîīėžɔϙŕřôϙžşôťħɔèēϟϙϙžŭƶŵğŷƚ ǀǉɖƌăđžǀăůž &ſƌƶŵ ɖƌğ űƶěɛŭġ ɖƌąǀă͘ žŭƶŵğŷƚ ďžů ƶɖƌăǀğŷǉ ɛ ɖžěɖžƌžƶ /ŷđůƶɛŝžŷ /ƌğůăŷě͘ žŭƶŵğŷƚ ďžů ǀǉɖƌăđžǀăŷǉ ǀ ƌąŵđŝ ɖƌžũğŭƚƶ hŵžǎŷğŷŝğ ŝŷŭůʒǌŝğ ă ɖƌşɛƚƶɖƶ ŭ ɛɖƌăǀžěůŝǀžɛɵ ɖƌğ žďǎăůžǀăŷǉđś ɛ ŵğŷƚąůŷǉŵ ă ɖɛǉđśžɛžđŝąůŷǉŵ ǌŷğǀǉśžěŷğŷşŵ ;ϭϭϭϭϱϲϳϭϭ ͳ e> ͳ :h^dͳϯϭϯϭͳ:ϳ͘ 7hqwr surmhnw mh vsroxilqdqfrydqê (xuysvnrx ~qlrx 9mdguhqp qi]ru d vwdqrylvni v~ yãdn ohq qi]rupl dxwrud dxwrury d qhpxvld qhykqxwqh rguiådģ qi]ru d vwdqrylvni (xuysvnhm ~qlh doher (xuysvnhm nrplvlh (xuysvnd ~qld dql rujiq srvnwxm~fl judqw ]d qh qhp{åx qlhvģ ]rgsryhgqrvģ òsoqê srslv surmhnwx kwwsviruxpkuhxfvhqdeohsuhnd]nxfdvwlsdfkdwhoxvh]gudyrwqlpsrvwl]hqlpyvvwhpxwuhvwqlkrvrxgqlfwylϙϙϙϙbíťėĺĳíīϙôĳèēæĺĺħϙ‹īĺžôĳėíϙ‹ūııířƅϙaĳϙaèèôŝŝėæīôϙôĳèēæĺĺħϙċĺřϙϙ>íėřϙ“řôíťıôĳťϙėĳϙĺūřťϙϙϙϙϙ“ēėŝϙčūėîôϙėŝϙíæĺūťϙıíħėĳčϙŝūřôϙôžôřƅĺĳôϙēíŝϙíϙċíėřϙèēíĳèôϙėĳϙèĺūřťϡϙėĳèīūîėĳčϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙϙϙϙiĳϙ(ūřĺŕôϡϙíæĺūťϙ͖͗ϙıėīīėĺĳϙíîūīťŝϙēížôϙíϙîėŝíæėīėťƅϟϙ“ēėŝϙėŝϙířĺūĳîϙĺĳôϱŗūířťôřϙĺċϙťēôϙŕĺŕūīíťėĺĳϟϙiĳϙ‹īĺžôĳėíϡϙíæĺūťϙ͐͑ϱ͐͒҇ϙĺċϙŕôĺŕīôϙēížôϙíϙîėŝíæėīėťƅϟϙϙϙϙ(žôĳϙťēĺūčēϙťēėĳčŝϙířôϙėıŕřĺžėĳčϡϙıíĳƅϙŕôĺŕīôϙŝťėīīϙēížôϙſřĺĳčϙėîôíŝϙíæĺūťϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙ“ēėŝϙėŝϙĺċťôĳϙæôèíūŝôϙťēôƅϙîĺĳѝťϙūĳîôřŝťíĳîϙťēôϙèēíīīôĳčôŝϙťēíťϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙċíèôϙôžôřƅϙîíƅϟϙϙϙϙ“ēôřôϙířôϙīíſŝϙťĺϙŕřĺťôèťϙťēôϙřėčēťŝϙĺċϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙūťϙėĳϙřôíīϙīėċôϡϙťēôŝôϙřėčēťŝϙířôϙĺċťôĳϙĳĺťϙřôŝŕôèťôîϟϙϙϙaíĳƅϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙîĺϙĳĺťϙħĳĺſϙíæĺūťϙťēôėřϙřėčēťŝϟϙaīŝĺϡϙıíĳƅϙŕôĺŕīôϙſēĺϙſĺřħϙėĳϙèĺūřťŝϙĺřϙťēôϙŕĺīėèôϙîĺϙĳĺťϙħĳĺſϙıūèēϙíæĺūťϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙ“ēôƅϙıíƅϙĳĺťϙħĳĺſϙēĺſϙťĺϙıíħôϙèĺūřťřĺĺıŝϙĺřϙĺťēôřϙŕīíèôŝϙıĺřôϙíèèôŝŝėæīôϙċĺřϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙϙϙϙ„ôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙĺċťôĳϙċíèôϙıíĳƅϙæířřėôřŝϟϙ“ēôŝôϙæířřėôřŝϙèíĳϙıíħôϙėťϙēířîϙċĺřϙťēôıϙťĺϙčôťϙťēôϙėĳċĺřıíťėĺĳϙťēôƅϙĳôôîϡϙūŝôϙŝôřžėèôŝϡϙĺřϙıĺžôϙířĺūĳîϟϙϙϙϙϙ>ĺřϙôƅíıŕīôϡϙíϙŕôřŝĺĳϙſėťēϙíϙîėŝíæėīėťƅϙıėčēťϙʊĳîϙėťϙîėưėèūīťϙťĺϙôĳťôřϙíϙæūėīîėĳčϙīėħôϙíϙèĺūřťϙæôèíūŝôϙėťϙėŝϙĳĺťϙîôŝėčĳôîϙċĺřϙťēôėřϙĳôôîŝϟϙϙϙϙ“ēėŝϙčūėîôæĺĺħϙėŝϙēôřôϙťĺϙēôīŕϙſėťēϙťēôŝôϙŕřĺæīôıŝϟϙϙϙϙ@ūėîôīėĳôŝϙċĺřϙ>íėřϙ“řôíťıôĳťϙ“ēôϙčūėîôæĺĺħϙčėžôŝϙíîžėèôϙĺĳϙēĺſϙťĺϙſĺřħϙſėťēϙíĳîϙťíīħϙťĺϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙîūřėĳčϙèĺūřťϙèíŝôŝϙíĳîϙĺťēôřϙīôčíīϙıíťťôřŝϟϙiťϙėŝϙċĺřϙíĳƅĺĳôϙſēĺϙſĺřħŝϙſėťēϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙϙfôřôϙířôϙŝĺıôϙėıŕĺřťíĳťϙťėŕŝϡϙϙϙϙ(žôřƅĺĳôѝŝϙbôôîŝϙařôϙ”ėưôřôĳťϙ„ôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙířôϙĳĺťϙíīīϙťēôϙŝíıôϟϙvūŝťϙæôèíūŝôϙťſĺϙŕôĺŕīôϙēížôϙťēôϙŝíıôϙîėŝíæėīėťƅϙîĺôŝĳѝťϙıôíĳϙťēôƅϙĳôôîϙťēôϙŝíıôϙēôīŕϟϙiťѝŝϙėıŕĺřťíĳťϙťĺϙíŝħϙťēôϙŕôřŝĺĳϙſēíťϙťēôƅϙĳôôîϙėĳŝťôíîϙĺċϙíŝŝūıėĳčϙæíŝôîϙĺĳϙťēôėřϙîėŝíæėīėťƅϟϙϙϙϙ>ĺèūŝϙĺĳϙťēôϙ„ôřŝĺĳϡϙbĺťϙťēôϙ”ėŝíæėīėťƅϙ®ēôĳϙťíīħėĳčϙťĺϙŝĺıôĺĳôϙſėťēϙíϙîėŝíæėīėťƅϡϙťíīħϙťĺϙťēôıϙîėřôèťīƅϡϙôžôĳϙėċϙŝĺıôĺĳôϙôīŝôϙėŝϙēôīŕėĳčϙťēôıϟϙaīſíƅŝϙťřôíťϙťēôıϙīėħôϙíĳϙíîūīťϙíĳîϙřôŝŕôèťϙťēôėřϙŝťřôĳčťēŝϟϙϙϙϙaŝħϙôċĺřôϙ´ĺūϙfôīŕϙ„ôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙıėčēťϙĳĺťϙíīſíƅŝϙſíĳťϙĺřϙĳôôîϙēôīŕϟϙiťѝŝϙæôťťôřϙťĺϙíŝħϙſēíťϙťēôƅϙĳôôîϙėĳŝťôíîϙĺċϙčūôŝŝėĳčϟϙϙϙxôôŕϙiťϙ‹ėıŕīôϙažĺėîϙūŝėĳčϙèĺıŕīėèíťôîϙſĺřîŝϙĺřϙťôřıŝϙťēíťϙířôϙēířîϙťĺϙūĳîôřŝťíĳîϟϙiċϙƅĺūϙîĺϙĳôôîϙťĺϙūŝôϙíϙîėưėèūīťϙſĺřîϡϙôƅŕīíėĳϙſēíťϙėťϙıôíĳŝϟϙϙϙēôèħϙ˜ĳîôřŝťíĳîėĳčϙaíħôϙŝūřôϙťēôϙŕôřŝĺĳϙūĳîôřŝťíĳîŝϙſēíťϙƅĺūϙířôϙŝíƅėĳčϟϙ´ĺūϙèíĳϙíŝħϙťēôıϙťĺϙřôŕôíťϙſēíťϙƅĺūϙŝíėîϙėĳϙťēôėřϙĺſĳϙſĺřîŝϟϙϙϙôϙ‹ôĳŝėťėžôϙ‹ĺıôϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙıėčēťϙĳĺťϙſíĳťϙťĺϙťíīħϙíæĺūťϙťēôėřϙîėŝíæėīėťƅϟϙaŝħϙŗūôŝťėĺĳŝϙėĳϙíϙħėĳîϙíĳîϙřôŝŕôèťċūīϙſíƅϟϙϙϙ(ƅŕīíėĳϙřôíħŝϙiċϙťēôϙŕôřŝĺĳϙĳôôîŝϙřôčūīířϙæřôíħŝϡϙôƅŕīíėĳϙēĺſϙťēôƅϙèíĳϙíŝħϙċĺřϙíϙæřôíħϙſėťēĺūťϙċôôīėĳčϙīėħôϙťēôƅϙĳôôîϙŕôřıėŝŝėĺĳϟϙϙϙ˜ŝôϙīôířϙĺııūĳėèíťėĺĳϙ”ĺĳѝťϙūŝôϙíææřôžėíťėĺĳŝϙĺřϙťôèēĳėèíīϙīíĳčūíčôϟϙiċϙƅĺūϙîĺϡϙôƅŕīíėĳϙſēíťϙėťϙıôíĳŝϙėĳϙíϙŝėıŕīôϙſíƅϟϙϙϙaŝħϙċĺřϙ>ôôîæíèħϙēôèħϙėĳϙſėťēϙťēôϙŕôřŝĺĳϙťĺϙıíħôϙŝūřôϙťēôƅϙūĳîôřŝťíĳîϙôžôřƅťēėĳčϟϙ“ēėŝϙíīŝĺϙēôīŕŝϙƅĺūϙūĳîôřŝťíĳîϙťēôıϙæôťťôřϟϙϙaīīĺſϙĺıċĺřťϙiťôıŝϙiċϙėťϙēôīŕŝϙťēôϙŕôřŝĺĳϙťĺϙŝťíƅϙèíīıϡϙīôťϙťēôıϙūŝôϙťēėĳčŝϙīėħôϙíϙŝťřôŝŝϙæíīīϙĺřϙĺťēôřϙĺæĥôèťŝϟϙôϙ‡ôíîƅϙťĺϙaîĥūŝťϙiċϙťēôϙŕôřŝĺĳϙĳôôîŝϙèēíĳčôŝϙťĺϙťēôϙŕřĺèôŝŝϡϙæôϙʋôƅėæīôϙíĳîϙıíħôϙťēôϙĳôèôŝŝířƅϙíîĥūŝťıôĳťŝϟϙϙϙϙaĺřôϙiĳċĺřıíťėĺĳϙėĳϙťēôϙ@ūėîôæĺĺħϙ“ēôϙčūėîôæĺĺħϙíīŝĺϙēíŝϙıĺřôϙťėŕŝϙċĺřϙîėưôřôĳťϙŝťíčôŝϙĺċϙíϙèĺĳžôřŝíťėĺĳϟϙ“ēėŝϙėĳèīūîôŝϙēĺſϙťĺϙŕīíĳϙíϙèĺĳžôřŝíťėĺĳϙíĳîϙēĺſϙťĺϙēíĳîīôϙîĺèūıôĳťŝϟϙ“ēôřôϙířôϙíīŝĺϙŝŕôèėʊèϙťėŕŝϙċĺřϙťíīħėĳčϙťĺϙŕôĺŕīôϙſēĺϙířôϙîôíċϡϙæīėĳîϡϙĺřϙēížôϙĺťēôřϙťƅŕôŝϙĺċϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙϙ“ēôϙčūėîôæĺĺħϙėĳèīūîôŝϙřôèĺııôĳîíťėĺĳŝϙťĺϙēôīŕϙſĺřħôřŝϙūĳîôřŝťíĳîϙíĳîϙıôôťϙťēôϙĳôôîŝϙĺċϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙ“ēôřôϙėŝϙíīŝĺϙíϙŝôèťėĺĳϙťēíťϙôƅŕīíėĳŝϙîėưôřôĳťϙťƅŕôŝϙĺċϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙϙϙϙ®ēƅϙ“ēėŝϙ@ūėîôæĺĺħϙaíťťôřŝϙ“ēėŝϙčūėîôæĺĺħϙſíŝϙʊřŝťϙèřôíťôîϙťĺϙēôīŕϙŕôĺŕīôϙſĺřħėĳčϙėĳϙèřėıėĳíīϙèĺūřťŝϟϙūťϙėťϙſíŝϙŝĺĺĳϙèīôířϙťēíťϙėťϙèĺūīîϙēôīŕϙŕôĺŕīôϙſĺřħėĳčϙėĳϙĺťēôřϙířôíŝϙťĺĺϟϙ“ēôϙčūėîôæĺĺħϙėŝϙĳĺſϙíϙťĺĺīϙċĺřϙíĳƅĺĳôϙſēĺϙſĺřħŝϙſėťēϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϡϙĳĺϙıíťťôřϙſēíťϙħėĳîϙĺċϙèíŝôϙťēôƅϙířôϙîôíīėĳčϙſėťēϟϙϙϙϙƅϙūŝėĳčϙťēėŝϙčūėîôæĺĺħϡϙſĺřħôřŝϙèíĳϙıíħôϙŝūřôϙťēôƅϙířôϙťřôíťėĳčϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϙċíėřīƅϟϙ“ēėŝϙſėīīϙēôīŕϙôĳŝūřôϙťēíťϙôžôřƅĺĳôϙčôťŝϙťēôϙĥūŝťėèôϙťēôƅϙîôŝôřžôϟϙϙϙϙ“ēôϙčūėîôæĺĺħϙėŝϙŕířťϙĺċϙťēôϙ(ba[(ϙŕřĺĥôèťϡϙſēėèēϙíėıŝϙťĺϙıíħôϙèĺūřťŝϙıĺřôϙíèèôŝŝėæīôϙťĺϙŕôĺŕīôϙſėťēϙėĳťôīīôèťūíīϙíĳîϙŕŝƅèēĺŝĺèėíīϙîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϟϙ“ēôϙčūėîôæĺĺħϙſėīīϙèĺĳťėĳūôϙťĺϙæôϙūŝôîϙôžôĳϙíċťôřϙťēôϙŕřĺĥôèťϙôĳîŝϟϙ“ēėŝϙſėīīϙēôīŕϙťēôϙſĺřħϙĺċϙ(ba[(ϙīíŝťϙīĺĳčôřϙíĳîϙēôīŕϙıĺřôϙŕôĺŕīôϙčôťϙċíėřϙťřôíťıôĳťϙėĳϙèĺūřťϟϙϙϙžđƶŵğŷƚ ǁƌŝʃğŷ ďǉ wƌăǀŷŝ đğŷƚğƌ ǌă ǀăƌɛƚǀž ēůžǀğŭžǀŝś ɖƌăǀŝđ ŝŷ žŭžůũă͘ žđƶŵğŷƚ ăěăɖƚğě ăŷě ɖƌžžĩƌğăě ďǉ /ŷđůƶɛŝžŷ /ƌğůăŷě͘ dśğ ěžđƶŵğŷƚ ǁăɛ ɖƌğɖăƌğě ăɛ ɖăƌƚ žĩ ƚśğ ɖƌžũğđƚ ŷăďůŝŷő /ŷđůƶɛŝžŷ ăŷě đđğɛɛ ƚž :ƶɛɵđğ ĩžƌ ğĩğŷěăŷƚɛ ǁŝƚś /ŷƚğůůğđƚƶăů ŷě wɛǉđśžɛžđŝăů ŝɛăďŝůŝɵğɛ ;ϭϭϭϭϱϲϳϭϭ ʹ e> ʹ :h^dͳϯϭϯϭͳ:ϳ͘ 7klv surmhfw lv frixqghg e wkh (xurshdq 8qlrq 9lhzv dqg rslqlrqv h[suhvvhg duh krzhyhu wkrvh ri wkh dxwkruv rqo dqg gr qrw qhfhvvdulo uhiohfw wkrvh ri wkh (xurshdq 8qlrq ru wkh (xurshdq &rpplvvlrq 1hlwkhu wkh (xurshdq 8qlrq qru wkh judqwlqj dxwkrulw fdq eh khog uhvsrqvleoh iru wkhp „řĺĥôèťϙîôŝèřėŕťėĺĳϙėĳϙ(ĳčīėŝēϙϼ«íīėîėťƅϙ>ĺūĳîíťėĺĳͻϡϙēťťŕŝϡϯϯžíīėîėťƅϟĳčĺϯŕřĺĥôèťŝϱ͑ϯôĳíæīėĳčϱėĳèīūŝėĺĳϱíĳîϱíèèôŝŝϱťĺϱĥūŝťėèôϱċĺřϱîôċôĳîíĳťŝϱſėťēϱėĳťôīīôèťūíīϱíĳîϱŕŝƅèēĺŝĺèėíīϱîėŝíæėīėťėôŝϯϙϙϙ„řĺĥôèťϙîôŝèřėŕťėĺĳϙėĳϙ‹īĺžôĳėíĳϙϼ„iͻϡϙēťťŕŝϡϯϯŕėèϟŝėϯôĳíæīôϯϙϙϙ1 disability bench book bulgaria 1. introduction 1.1 who is this bench book for 1.2 how was the bench book done 1.3. main definitions 2. international legal framework 3. defendants with disability and the courts. 4. legal capacity and innocence 5. procedural acccomodations 5.1. individual assessment 5.2. communicationsupporters. 5.3. right to have a support person. 5.4. adapting theproccess. 2 5.5. support for communication. 6. good practices in bulgaria 1. introduction persons with disabilities can: • become victims of a crime • witness a crime • commit a crime in either role, persons with disabilities have difficulties in accessing justice and reaching police, lawyers, prosecutors, and judges. law in bulgaria does not recognize the rights of persons with disabilities as for other people. the un convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (crpd) says that every person with disability has the right to access to justice. there are almost no procedural accommodations for persons with disabilities. 3 there are almost no special qualification and training for the judges, lawyers and prosecutors. the purpose of this bench book is to inform about the ways for inclusion of defendants with disabilities in criminal proceedings. 1.1 who is this bench book for the bench book is for judges, prosecutors, lawyers, policemen and other specialists in bulgaria. 1.2 how was the bench book done kera foundation made this bench book for bulgaria. 4 it is based on research about the difficulties that defendants with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities have in criminal proceedings. the research is made between january 2023 and june 2024. information about the research in easy to ready format can be found here: https://www.kerafoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024_02_08_enable_eng_etr_bulgaria.pdf 1.3 main definitions persons with disabilities – persons with physical, psychosocial, intellectual or sensory disabilities which make it difficult for them to participate in social life on an equal basis with other people. legal capacity – to have rights and the right to exercise them. 5 procedural accommodations – all appropriate changes to justice proceedings which will help persons with disabilities to participate in them on an equal basis with others. supported decision making and guardianship supported decision making: special measures which help persons with disabilities make decisions for themselves. guardianship: when the person has no right to make decisions for themselves. instead, someone else makes decisions for them. equality and equity equality means that every person is given an equal chance in their life. equity means that every person is given what he or she needs in different situations in order to achieve equal results with other people. 6 access and accessibility access means an opportunity or a right to do something or to enter a place. accessibility is the way goods, devices, services and places are made so as all people are able to use them. this includes information and communication. medical model and human rights model the medical model puts disability first. the human rights model puts the person in the center of all decisions. 2. international legal framework crpd is the most important document from the international legal framework about the rights of persons with disabilities. 7 3. defendants with disabilities and the justice system in bulgaria persons with disabilities do not have the right to participate equally in the justice system. persons with disabilities in bulgaria are left out of justice proceedings because of their disability. 4. legal capacity and innocence in criminal justice in bulgaria defendants must have a certain level of “mental capacity” in order to participate. the assessment of this capacity is based mostly on documents. this is wrong. all persons with disabilities have the right to participate in all justice and legal systems. they cannot be refused this right because of their disability. good examples from the case law • cases before the european court of human rights (ecthr): stanev vs. bulgaria, shtukaturov vs. russia, blokhin vs. russia • communication of the un crpd committee: • medina vela vs. mexico (no. 32/2015 г.) • marlon james noble vs. australia (no. 7/2012 г.) 8 • doolan vs. australia (no. 18/2013 г.) when persons are declared incompetent to stand trial, the court terminates criminal proceedings and replaces them with a placement in a psychiatric hospital of other type of involuntary treatment. this way it is never clear if they were the ones who really committed the crime. then the rule about being innocent until proven otherwise is broken. the court of the european union disapproved such practice in its ruling с-467/2018. 9 recommendation: defendants with disabilities must be able to exercise their right to: – take part in in all stages of proceedings and before all courts, – support and procedural accommodations in order to exercise all their rights, – appeal – to say that they do not agree; – support and legal aid in order to take part in in criminal proceedings. all defendants with disabilities are innocent until proven guilty according to the law. there must be training for specialists from the justice system about the rights of persons with disabilities. persons with disabilities who have experience with the justice system must take part in any justice reform. 10 5. procedural accommodations in bulgaria procedural accommodations are not recognized as a right of the defendants with disabilities. procedural accommodations are important for the persons with disabilities in order to access justice and exercise their human rights. in bulgaria sign language interpreters are the only procedural accommodation. procedural accommodations are all necessary and appropriate changes in each case individually. things must be prepared before providing procedural accommodations must be done before the proceedings begin. all participants in the proceedings must be informed about the procedural accommodations. 11 recommendations the right of the defendant with disability to a fair trial must be respected as with any other person. all specialists from the justice system must provide procedural accommodations to persons with disabilities. 5.1. individual assessment individual assessment helps persons with disability participate in criminal proceedings. individual assessment aims at showing: – the barriers for persons with disabilities; – what support they need. 12 justice authorities are responsible for having this individual assessment done. any participant in the proceedings may request for such individual assessment. the individual assessment must be made by a team of specialists like a social worker, a communication specialist, a support person, a lawyer. recommendation to have rules for how to identify disability at the start of the proceedings. to identify disability in the beginning of the proceedings and to have an individual assessment done. the individual assessment must be made together with the person with disability. the person must have the right to express their opinion about the assessment. to have rules for protection of information and personal data. 13 5.2. communication facilitators communication facilitators (cfs) are specialists who work with the justice authorities, the persons with disabilities and the other people taking part in the proceedings. the cfs can be chosen by the court or the police. the cfs can be requested by anyone who takes part in the proceedings. problems in many countries from the european union laws do not include cfs. recommendations if needed, it is better for the cf to be appointed from the beginning. they should take part in the first communication and questioning between the person with disability and the police. 14 5.3. right to have a support person crpd does not say directly that the person with disability has the right to a support person in the proceedings, but in some other un documents it is mentioned as responsibility of the state. recommendation upon first contact with the authorities, persons with disabilities must be informed on their right to have a support person with them. a support person can be a relative or any other person who the person with disability chooses. 5.4. adapting procedures there is an important legal document about adapting procedures. this is the united nations international principles and guidelines on access to justice of persons with disabilities (the un international principles and guidelines). these rules say that changes should be made so that people with disabilities can take part in proceedings better. . for example: 15 – adapting the venue; – waiting spaces designed with disabled people in mind; – removal of robes or other formal wear; – adapting the speed of the proceedings; – changes to the way of questioning – avoid complex questions, give more time for answer, use simple language, etc.; – using video recordings of questionings, if needed and possible. – easy-to-read information 5.5. support for communication everybody has the right to understand and to be understood during the whole time of the criminal proceedings. article 2 of the uncrpd says that communication comes in many forms. 16 recommendation to provide support for communication and information through communication facilitators. to provide technical and other support needed for defendants with disabilities in order to use all forms of communication. for example: – easy to read documents; – assistive listening systems and devices; – real-time captioning; – videotext displays; – note takers; – qualified sign language and tactile interpreters. 6. good practices in bulgaria 17 6.1. communication facilitators in 2023, there was a training in bulgaria for communication facilitators (cf). cf assist communication with persons with specific communication needs in justice proceedings. cf make a report to the court/investigating authorities with recommendations on effective communication. if needed, cf participate in proceedings and assist communication in real time. how to contact a cf on this website you can find additional information about the work of cf and how to contact them: https://communication-facilitators.bg/ 18 6.2. individual assessment of the social functioning and individual assessment of the needs for support in court proceedings in 2019-2022, global initiative in psychiatry – sofia, bulgarian center for non-profit law and the union of judges in bulgaria worked on a project. within this project, they created assessments which to help access to justice of persons with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities in bulgaria: 1. assessment of the social functioning of the persons 2. assessment of the needs for support in court proceedings more about these assessments can be found here: https://equalrights.gip-sofia.org/?page_id=52 19 document written by kera foundation. document validated by inclusion ireland. the document was prepared as part of the project enabling inclusion and access to justice for defendants with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities (101056701 – enable – just-2021-jacc). this project is co-funded by the european union. views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the european union or the european commission. neither the european union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. full project description: https://validity.ngo/projects-2/enabling-inclusion-and-access-to-justice-for-defendants-with-intellectual-and-psychosocial-disabilities/ special font for persons with mild to moderate forms of dyslexia. pictograms: www.pictoselector.eu